Fibre & copper network (OPS Openline)
How it works, end to end.
The exchange
Exchanges house the OLT (fibre light source), the MDF (copper), core routers and power plant (rectifiers, batteries, generator).
Out to the street
Feeder fibre runs to street cabinets, then to distribution points (CBTs) on poles. Copper runs exchange → PCP cabinet → pole → house.
Into the home
A fibre drop ends in an ONT; a copper drop ends in a master socket (NTE). The ONT needs light from upstream and an active service.
Faults
Random network faults (water in joints, cracked enclosures, cut cables) take everything downstream offline and raise jobs. Several lines down together raise an outage.
Underground
Chambers, ducts and tunnels carry cables under roads. Lids are heavy and gas can build up — never work alone in one.